Chromium-zirconium copper (CuCr1Zr) forms a precipitation-strengthened alloy by adding chromium (0.5-1.2%) and zirconium (0.03-0.3%). It has a unique combination of high strength (tensile strength 450-550MPa) and high conductivity (80-85%IACS), and its softening temperature is as high as 500℃. These characteristics make it an ideal material for resistance welding electrodes (spot welding, seam welding electrodes), high-temperature molds (such as glass forming molds) and high-voltage switch contacts. Under continuous working conditions, chromium-zirconium copper exhibits excellent softening resistance and wear resistance, with an HRB hardness of 75-85, and can withstand long-term high temperatures and high-pressure working conditions. Beryllium copper (such as QBe2, QBe1.9) is a high-performance copper alloy containing 1.8-2.1% beryllium. It has the highest strength (tensile strength after aging 1000-1400MPa) and fatigue limit among all copper alloys while maintaining good conductivity (22-28%IACS). After aging treatment, the hardness can reach HRC36-42, but the plasticity is relatively low (elongation 2-10%). This type of material is mainly used to manufacture precision elastic components (such as relay springs diaphragms), explosion-proof tools and high-stress structural parts in the aerospace field. Although beryllium is toxic and requires special protection during processing, its irreplaceable mechanical properties make it still widely used in key areas. As a copper-zinc alloy, brass has common grades, including H62, H65 and H68, and different zinc contents lead to different performances. H62 (copper 60.5-63.5%) has high strength, and H68 (copper 67-70%) has excellent plasticity and is suitable for deep drawing. The conductivity of brass is between 28-32%IACS, the tensile strength is 300-600MPa, the elongation is 10-50%, and it has excellent cutting performance. Adding lead elements can further improve the cutting performance, but environmentally friendly lead-free brass is becoming a development trend. Brass is widely used in hardware (locks, valves, pipe fittings), mechanical parts (gears, bearing cages), decorative engineering (building decorative strips, handicrafts) and other fields. Its good comprehensive performance and moderate cost make it one of the most used copper alloys.
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