In the process of biological fermentation, some microorganisms, such as yeast, are mainly used. These microbes have been genetically modified to produce chemical products vitamin D3. By cultivating these microorganisms in a suitable fermentation medium to provide them with sufficient nutrients, such as carbon sources and nitrogen sources, microorganisms will use their metabolic pathways to convert substances in the medium into vitamin D3 during the growth and reproduction process.
Currently, the main synthesis methods of chemical products vitamin D3 raw materials are chemical synthesis and biological fermentation.
Chemical synthesis is a more traditional method. The starting material is usually cholesterol. First, cholesterol undergoes a complex series of chemical reactions, a key step of which is ring-opening through a light reaction. Under specific wavelengths of ultraviolet light, the ring structure in the cholesterol molecule changes, forming a precursor substance with the basic structure of the chemical product vitamin D3. This process requires precise control of conditions such as the time and intensity of light and the temperature of the reaction system. After the light reaction is completed, it is also necessary to undergo multi-step chemical modification, including hydrogenation, oxidation, and other reactions, and gradually adjust the molecular structure to obtain high-purity vitamin D3 raw materials. The advantage of chemical synthesis is that the synthesis route is relatively clear and large-scale production can be achieved, but the disadvantage is that the process is complex, requires the use of a large number of chemical reagents, the cost is high and may produce more by-products, causing certain pressure on the environment.
Biological fermentation is a new technology developed in recent years, which has the advantage of green environmental protection. In the process of biological fermentation, some microorganisms, such as yeast, are mainly used. These microbes have been genetically modified to produce chemical products vitamin D3. By cultivating these microorganisms in a suitable fermentation medium to provide them with sufficient nutrients, such as carbon sources and nitrogen sources, microorganisms will use their metabolic pathways to convert substances in the medium into vitamin D3 during the growth and reproduction process. Unlike chemical synthesis, biological fermentation is carried out under relatively mild conditions and does not require extreme reaction conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, reducing energy consumption. Moreover, the byproducts produced by the biological fermentation process are relatively few and friendly to the environment. However, the biological fermentation method also faces some challenges, such as the control of the microbial fermentation process is more complex, requiring precise regulation of temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen, and other parameters to ensure the growth of microorganisms and the synthesis efficiency of chemical products vitamin D3. At the same time, the yield and purity of microbial fermentation need to be further optimized by improving the fermentation process and screening better strains.
With the continuous progress of science and technology, whether it is chemical synthesis or biological fermentation, it is constantly improving and innovating. The application of new catalysts, reaction conditions, and gene editing technology is expected to further improve the synthesis efficiency of chemical products vitamin D3 apis, reduce production costs, and provide better and more economical vitamin D3 apis for the pharmaceutical industry to meet the growing demand for related drugs in the market.
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