What Triggers Dementia? Recognize the First Signs Before It Progresses

Dementia is a complex and often misunderstood condition. It’s not a single disease but a syndrome—a collection of symptoms that affect memory, thinking, behaviour, and daily functioning. While it typically occurs in older adults, dementia is not a normal part of ageing. At the Neurology and Pain Management Clinic (NPMC) in Delhi, Dr. Gautam Arora specialises in the early diagnosis and management of dementia, helping families navigate the challenges of this progressive condition.

Understanding what triggers dementia and learning to spot its first signs can make a big difference in managing its progression and improving quality of life.

What Triggers Dementia?

Dementia can be caused by a variety of diseases and factors that damage brain cells. The most common include:

1. Alzheimer’s Disease

The leading cause of dementia, Alzheimer’s, is triggered by abnormal protein deposits (plaques and tangles) in the brain that interfere with neuron communication and lead to cell death.

2. Vascular Dementia

Caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, often due to strokes or small vessel disease. Conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol increase the risk.

3. Lewy Body Dementia

Triggered by abnormal clumps of protein (Lewy bodies) in the brain, leading to memory loss, movement issues, and visual hallucinations.

4. Frontotemporal Dementia

Involves degeneration of the brain’s frontal and temporal lobes, affecting behaviour, personality, and language first, often before memory.

5. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Repeated head trauma (e.g., in contact sports or accidents) can lead to dementia symptoms later in life.

6. Other Triggers

Chronic alcoholism, infections like HIV, or vitamin B12 deficiency can also lead to dementia-like symptoms, some of which may be reversible if treated early.

First Signs You Shouldn’t Ignore

Dementia often begins subtly. The earlier it is detected, the better the chances of slowing progression. Watch for:

• Short-term memory loss (forgetting recent events, asking the same questions)

• Difficulty with planning or problem-solving (struggling with bills, recipes)

• Confusion with time or place

• Problems with words in speaking or writing

• Misplacing items and losing the ability to retrace steps

• Changes in mood or personality (withdrawal, depression, irritability)

• Poor judgment (e.g., unsafe decisions, neglecting hygiene)

Don’t Wait—Early Intervention Matters

While there is no cure for most types of dementia, early diagnosis helps in managing symptoms, planning care, and improving outcomes. If you notice signs in yourself or a loved one, consult Dr. Gautam Arora at NPMC for a comprehensive neurological evaluation.