The AEC industry depends on accurate site data for the successful completion of projects. Whether you want to renovate an old building, survey a large infrastructure, or create detailed as-built models, the selection of technology plays a big role in the quality of results. Two of the most widely used methods for capturing real-world data are LiDAR scanning and photogrammetry. Both produce point clouds that can be transformed into intelligent digital models, but which one should you choose?

In this blog, we have mentioned the differences between LiDAR and photogrammetry and their working, which will help you choose which method is best suited for your project when moving from Point Cloud to 3D Model.

What is LiDAR Scanning?

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a technology that uses laser pulses to measure distances. A LiDAR scanner sends out millions of laser beams per second, which bounce back from surfaces to form a highly accurate 3D laser scan of the environment. 

What is Photogrammetry?

Photogrammetry is a technique that uses overlapping photos taken from multiple angles to reconstruct 3D geometry. Using software, the images are stitched together and converted into a point cloud. Drones are often used to capture aerial images for large sites. But a limitation is that it is less accurate than LiDAR, especially for complex indoor spaces or areas with poor lighting.

LiDAR vs Photogrammetry

1. The accuracy of LiDAR Scanning is very high (millimeter-level), while moderate (centimeter-level) in the case of Photogrammetry.
   
   
2. LiDAR Scanning involves the use of expensive equipment, whereas  Photogrammetry is much affordable with the involvement of just a camera and a software.
   
   
3. Photogrammetry has a slower processing time due to image stitching.
   
   
4. LiDAR Scanning is best suited for indoor spaces, MEP, heritage sites, etc, and Photogrammetry is best suited for large outdoor areas, terrain, visuals, etc.
   
   
5. The data output of LiDAR Scanning is a dense point cloud with precise geometry, while textured models with strong visual detail are produced in Photogrammetry.
   
   
6. LiDAR Scanning works properly in low or no light, but Photogrammetry needs good lighting.

This makes it clear that the choice is yours, what matters the most: precision or visuals.

How Both Support Point Cloud to 3D Model

Both LiDAR and photogrammetry are used for the generation of point clouds, but the methods and the objective to create a usable 3D model are slightly different.

1. With LiDAR, the dense point cloud is converted into a BIM model or CAD drawing, which is highly accurate for construction coordination, clash detection, and documentation.

2. With photogrammetry, the focus is often on producing a visually realistic 3D mesh or textured surface, which is helpful for planning, visualization, and marketing.

In both cases, the result is a Point Cloud to 3D Model workflow that supports AEC professionals, project managers, and facility owners in making informed decisions.

LiDAR Scanning is best when: 

1. The project aims to improve accuracy for construction or MEP installations.

2. The project involves complex interiors with hidden details.

3. The site requires capturing geometry in poor lighting conditions.

4. You’re working on heritage conservation, where accuracy is critical.

LiDAR is best for detailed scan-to-BIM workflows where accuracy cannot be compromised.

Photogrammetry is best when: 

1. You’re working on large outdoor sites such as roads, landscapes, or bridges.

2. The budget is limited and you need a cost-friendly solution.

3. You want high-quality visuals for presentations, planning, or marketing.

4. The project aims to form a visually appealing infrastructure that might not have 100% exact measurements.

In short, Photogrammetry is best for those whose focus is on aesthetic detail more than millimeter precision.

Can LiDAR and Photogrammetry Work Together?

Absolutely. Many AEC professionals are now combining both methods to create a comprehensive 3D model that is both precise and visually appealing. For instance, the use of LiDAR to scan a building interior with high accuracy, along with the use of photogrammetry to capture surrounding landscapes. 

This hybrid approach ensures the best of both worlds: accuracy and realism with value.

The Future of Point Cloud Technologies

With the change in technology as per the demand, the use of Point Cloud to 3D Model is also evolving. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation are being used to speed up the point cloud classification and model generation. Cloud platforms help project teams collaborate on large datasets in real time, not only for a specific country but across the world.

As these technologies advance, the choice between LiDAR and photogrammetry may not be an “either-or” situation but rather a smart combination tailored to each project’s needs.

Conclusion

Choosing between LiDAR and photogrammetry is not based on their features but on the needs of the project. 

1. LiDAR is the perfect choice if your focus is on accuracy and precision.

2. Photogrammetry is a suitable choice for creating cost-effective visuals for large sites.

3. A hybrid workflow, for projects with a requirement of both the above mentioned, delivers the strongest results.

At the end of the day, the goal of every AEC professional is common (To create reliable and usable digital models from real-world data). 

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