Hydrogen technology refers to the production, storage, and use of hydrogen as a fuel source. Hydrogen is a clean and renewable energy source that can be produced from a variety of sources, including water, biomass, and fossil fuels. Hydrogen can be used in fuel cells to generate electricity, in combustion engines to power vehicles, and in industrial processes.  A critical review and feasibility study of existing methods of hydrogen production, storage, and transportation, including their key economic and energy aspects, was presented in a paper by Kindra et al. 

The paper reviews the current progress and outlook of hydrogen technologies and their application in power systems for hydrogen production, re-electrification, and storage. The authors conclude that hydrogen technologies have the potential to play a significant role in the transition to a low-carbon economy. The production of green hydrogen must be held using renewable resources (e.g., biomass and water) along with sustainable methods.

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The Future of Hydrogen report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) finds that clean hydrogen is currently enjoying unprecedented political and business momentum, with the number of policies and projects around the world expanding rapidly.

The report concludes that now is the time to scale up technologies and bring down costs to allow hydrogen to make a significant contribution to clean energy transitions. Hydrogen energy systems offer ways to decarbonize a range of sectors, including transport, buildings, and power generation.

The use of hydrogen as a fuel source has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality. However, there are still challenges to be addressed, such as the high cost of production and the need for infrastructure development. Overall, hydrogen technologies have the potential to play a significant role in the transition to a low-carbon economy.

Benefits of using hydrogen as a fuel

The benefits of using hydrogen as a fuel are significant and include environmental, economic, and energy security advantages. Some of the key benefits are:

Clean and Renewable: When hydrogen is used in fuel cells, it generates electrical power, emitting only water vapor and warm air, making it a clean and renewable energy source.

Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Hydrogen fuel cells produce no greenhouse gases or other particulates, leading to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions when used for transportation.

Energy Security: Hydrogen can be produced domestically from diverse resources, helping to strengthen national energy security, conserve petroleum, and diversify transportation energy options.

Versatility and Flexibility: Hydrogen can be produced from various sources such as natural gas, coal, solar energy, wind, and biomass, providing flexibility in its production and use.

High Energy Efficiency: Hydrogen has the highest energy content of any common fuel by weight, and fuel cell technology provides a high-density source of energy with good energy efficiency.

Renewable Energy Integration: The production, storage, and use of hydrogen play an important role in driving further development of renewable energy by balancing intermittent supply modalities with challenging end-user demands.

In summary, the benefits of using hydrogen as a fuel include its clean and renewable nature, potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, contribution to energy security, versatility in production, high energy efficiency, and support for the integration of renewable energy sources. While there are still challenges to address, such as the efficiency of production methods, the overall potential of hydrogen as a fuel source is significant.

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